22 July 2022 - 23 February 2023
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The term Bible is itself ambiguous. The term is used differently by different groups. It would be perhaps more accurate to speak of "Bibles" than "the Bible".
In Judaism, the term "Bible" is used for what is also known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible.
In Christianity, the term "Bible" is used for the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament consists of 27 "books" which are generally accepted as canonical by nearly all Christians. The Old Testament, for Protestants, consists of the same books found in the Hebrew Bible. However, for Catholics and Orthodox Christians, the term "Old Testament" refers to the Hebrew Bible plus additional books, sometimes referred to as Deuterocanonical or Apocryphal books.
In Judaism, especially Orthodox Judaism, the Bible is often encountered in the liturgy and private study in its original languages: Hebrew and a bit of Aramaic, for the Jewish canon. In Christianity, from its earliest days, the vast majority of believers have always encountered the Bible primarily in translation.
Not all the books below are in everybody's Bible.
Hebrew Bible
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, The Twelve, Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Qoheleth, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, Chronicles.
Deuterocanon
Roman Catholic Deuterocanon: Tobit, Judith, Additions to Esther, Wisdom, Ben Sira, Baruch, Additions to Daniel, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees.
Additional Deuterocanon: 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras, Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees.
New Testament
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, and Revelation.
For books about specific parts of the Bible, see the appropriate pages. This is a place to list books that are about the Bible in general.
Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992).
Encyclopaedia Biblica (1899). Outdated, but online.
The Oxford Bible Commentary (2001).
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