Targum

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A Targum is a traditional translation/paraphrase of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic. Specifically, there are two major Targums with an official status in Rabbinic Judaism: the Targum Onkelos and the Targum Jonathan. Now, the Targums tend to be pretty explanatory and pariphrastic, so they're not very consistently literal as translations. Still, because they were produced at such early dates, they are useful for Textual Criticism as witnesses to early forms of the Hebrew Bible.